Which of the following best describes the term "horizontal polarization"?

The term "horizontal polarization" refers specifically to the orientation of the electromagnetic waves being transmitted. When signals are transmitted parallel to the Earth's surface, this means that the electric field vector of the radio wave is oriented horizontally. This is crucial in various communication applications, such as radio and television broadcasting, where polarization can affect signal reception and transmission quality.

Understanding horizontal polarization helps technicians design and set up antennas and other equipment correctly, ensuring optimal signal coverage and clarity. In practice, it's important to ensure that both the transmitting and receiving antennas are aligned correctly in terms of polarization to maximize signal strength and minimize interference. Thus, the description of transmitting signals parallel to the Earth's surface accurately encapsulates the concept of horizontal polarization and its practical implications in communication systems.