What type of network devices operate at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2)?

The correct answer is that switches and bridges operate at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. This layer is responsible for node-to-node data transfer and handles error detection and correction as well as framing data for transmission.

Switches are essential in local area networks (LANs) because they manage data traffic efficiently by forwarding data only to the devices that need it on the network. This operation significantly reduces collisions and improves the overall performance of the network. Bridges perform similar functions, helping to connect and filter traffic between different segments of a network, extending the size of the network while reducing traffic strain.

Devices such as routers and servers operate at higher layers; routers function primarily at the Network Layer (Layer 3), and servers, depending on their applications, may interact with multiple layers but are not categorized specifically as Layer 2 devices. Repeaters and modems, on the other hand, work at the physical layer (Layer 1). Repeaters regenerate and amplify signals to extend the range of communication, while modems modulate and demodulate signals for data transmission over various media, thus also functioning at Layer 1. Gateways, which can encompass compatibility across different protocols, typically operate at higher layers as well.

Understanding