What is the role of cladding in optical fiber?

The role of cladding in optical fiber is crucial for maintaining signal integrity as well as physically protecting the core, which is where light transmission occurs. Cladding is a layer of material that surrounds the core of the optical fiber. This layer has a lower refractive index than the core, allowing light to be confined within the core through the principle of total internal reflection. By preventing light from escaping, the cladding ensures that the signal remains strong and consistent as it travels through the fiber, thus enhancing the overall performance of the fiber optic system.

In addition to preserving the signal's integrity, the cladding also acts as a protective barrier for the delicate core, shielding it from external damage or contamination and ensuring that the optical fiber can be used in a variety of environments without degrading performance. Without cladding, the core would be exposed, leading to significant signal loss and reduced efficiency in transmitting data over long distances.